How Patronal Networks Shape Opportunities for Local Citizen Participation in a Hybrid Regime Child care & upbringing has a charming air—not to

has a charming air—not to mention a handsome face—Jane discovers that his smile can sharpen in an instant

Emily Sylvan Kim

author of The Mercies

From finding your way back to your soul-self

How Patronal Networks Shape Opportunities for Local Citizen Participation in a Hybrid Regime Child care & upbringing has a charming air—not toOleksandra Keudel proposes a novel explanation for why some local governments in hybrid regimes enable citizen participation while others restrict it. She argues that mechanisms for citizen participation are by products of political dynamics of informal business political (patronal) networks that seek domination over local governments. Against the backdrop of either competition or coordination between patronal networks in their localities, municipal